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	<title>Magnesium Oil - Transdermal Magnesium &#187; diabetes</title>
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		<title>Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2010/06/magnesium-intake-and-risk-of-type-2-diabetes-in-men-and-women/</link>
		<comments>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2010/06/magnesium-intake-and-risk-of-type-2-diabetes-in-men-and-women/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2010 12:19:11 +0000</pubDate>
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OBJECTIVE—To examine the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We followed 85,060 women and 42,872 men who had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Magnesium intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2–4 years. After 18 years of follow-up in women and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
<strong>OBJECTIVE</strong>—To examine the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.</p>
<p><strong>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</strong>—We followed 85,060 women and 42,872 men who had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Magnesium intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2–4 years. After 18 years of follow-up in women and 12 years in men, we documented 4,085 and 1,333 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, respectively.</p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong>—After adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia at baseline, the relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes was 0.66 (95% CI 0.60–0.73; P for trend <0.001) in women and 0.67 (0.56–0.80; P for trend <0.001) in men, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of total magnesium intake. The RRs remained significant after additional adjustment for dietary variables, including glycemic load, polyunsaturated fat, trans fat, cereal fiber, and processed meat in the multivariate models. The inverse association persisted in subgroup analyses according to BMI, physical activity, and family history of diabetes.</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>—Our findings suggest a significant inverse association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk. This study supports the dietary recommendation to increase consumption of major food sources of magnesium, such as whole grains, nuts, and green leafy vegetables. </p>
<p><strong>Type 2 diabetes is on track to become one of the major global public health challenges of the 21st century</strong> (1). Primary prevention remains the major strategy to control this worldwide epidemic.</p>
<p>Modification of western diet and lifestyles is effective in preventing diabetes in high-risk populations (2). The western diet is characterized by <strong>high intake of saturated and trans fats and refined grains and low intakes of whole grains, vegetables, and fiber, resulting in low micronutrient intake</strong> (3). Few studies have addressed the association between specific micronutrient components of western diets and diabetes risk.</p>
<p>Magnesium is an important component of many unprocessed foods, such as whole grains, nuts, and green leafy vegetables, and it is largely lost during the processing of some foods (4). The overprocessing of food and adoption of western diets have contributed to the substantially reduced magnesium intake in industrialized countries during the last century.</p>
<p>Hypomagnesemia is a common feature in patients with type 2 diabetes (5). Although diabetes can induce hypomagnesemia, magnesium deficiency has also been proposed as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (6). Magnesium is a necessary cofactor for several enzymes that play an important role in glucose metabolism (7). Animal studies (8,9) have shown that magnesium deficiency has a negative effect on the post-receptor signaling of insulin. Some short-term metabolic studies (10,11) suggest that magnesium supplementation has a beneficial effect on insulin action and glucose metabolism.</p>
<p>In our previous analyses of dietary factors and diabetes based on limited follow-up (12–14), we found an inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. However, these analyses did not fully control for other confounding factors and were limited in power to evaluate the association in subgroups. Two other prospective studies (15,16) have specifically evaluated this association, with contradictory results. The purpose of this analysis, with longer follow-up and more incident cases, was to prospectively evaluate the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in two large cohorts of women and men. </p>
<p><strong>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</strong></p>
<p>The characteristics of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study (HPFS) have been described elsewhere (17,18). Briefly, the NHS was initiated in 1976, when 121,700 female registered nurses, aged 30–55 years, completed a mailed questionnaire on their medical history and lifestyle characteristics. Every 2 years, follow-up questionnaires have been sent to update information on potential risk factors and identify newly diagnosed cases of diabetes and other chronic diseases. The HPFS began in 1986 when 51,529 U.S. health professionals, aged 40–75 years, answered a detailed questionnaire on lifestyle and medical history. Similar to the NHS, this cohort has been followed through biennial questionnaires. In both cohorts, the response rate to the follow-up questionnaires has exceeded 90%.</p>
<p>Diet was first evaluated in 1980 in the NHS and in 1986 in the HPFS. Repeated dietary assessments have been carried out every 2–4 years. From participants who returned the baseline dietary questionnaire, we excluded those who had >10 blanks in food items or did not satisfy our a priori criteria of plausible daily caloric intake. For this analysis, we also excluded participants who at baseline reported history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. These exclusions left 85,060 women followed over 18 years (1980–1998) and 42,872 men followed over 12 years (1986–1998) for the present analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Magnesium intake</strong></p>
<p>In the NHS, a 61-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary information in 1980. In 1984, the questionnaire was expanded to 131 items. Similar FFQs were used to update diet in subsequent follow-up in the NHS (1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998) and the HPFS (1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998). In the FFQ, a common unit or portion size for each food was specified and participants were asked how often they had consumed that amount on average during the previous year. The nine responses ranged from “never or less than once per month” to “six or more times per day.” Nutrient intake was computed by multiplying the frequency of consumption of each food by the nutrient content of the specified portions. Composition values for dietary magnesium and other nutrients were obtained from the Harvard University Food Composition Database (22 November 1993), derived from U.S. Department of Agriculture sources (19), and supplemented with manufacturer information. A detailed description of dietary questionnaires and their validity in these cohorts have been published elsewhere (20,21). Correlation coefficients between FFQ and dietary record for magnesium intake were 0.76 in women and 0.66 in men after within-person variation was taken into account.</p>
<p>Use of specific brand and type of multivitamins was ascertained at baseline and updated every 2 years, asking current users about weekly number of multivitamins taken. This information was included in total magnesium intake computation. Questions on separate magnesium supplements were first asked in 1984 in the NHS and in 1986 in the HPFS, with information updated at least every 4 years. Although we did not have information on the exact magnesium content of these supplements, we estimated the content based on the most frequently used magnesium supplements on the market in the year of the questionnaires and used that amount for the calculation of total magnesium intake. In a separate analysis, we examined the association between magnesium supplement use and diabetes risk.</p>
<p><strong>Measurement of nondietary factors</strong></p>
<p>In both cohorts, body weight was self-reported on baseline questionnaires and updated every 2 years. In validation studies, self-reported weights were highly correlated with measured weights (22). In the NHS, to be consistent with the baseline evaluation, we used the cumulative average of hours per week spent in moderate to vigorous activity. In the HPFS, we had detailed information on the hours per week spent in leisure-time physical activities since baseline and through follow-up. We calculated total weekly energy expenditure from physical activity expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs). The validity and reproducibility of the physical activity questionnaires have been previously documented in these cohorts (23,24). Every 2 years, we updated participants’ smoking status (past, current, and number of cigarettes per day if smoking currently). Family history of diabetes (in first-degree relatives) was assessed on multiple occasions in both cohorts. We inquired about physician-diagnosed hypertension and high cholesterol every 2 years; these self-reports were highly accurate compared with medical records in a validation study (25).</p>
<p><strong>Ascertainment of diabetes<br />
</strong></p>
<p>On each biennial questionnaire, we asked the participants if and when they had ever been diagnosed with diabetes. To confirm self-reported diagnoses, we mailed a supplementary questionnaire regarding symptoms, diagnostic tests, and therapy. After excluding participants with type 1 and secondary diabetes, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was established when at least one of the following criteria was reported in the supplementary questionnaire: 1) at least one classic symptom of type 2 diabetes and elevated plasma glucose (≥140 mg/dl [7.8 mmol/l] fasting or ≥200 mg/dl [11.1 mmol/l] random measure), 2) elevated plasma glucose concentrations on at least two different occasions in the absence of symptoms, or 3) treatment with hypoglycemic therapy (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents). These criteria accord with those proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG). The new guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for diagnosing diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl [7.0 mmol/l]) were announced in June 1997 (26) and have been incorporated into the confirmation and documentation of diabetes in subsequent follow-up in both cohorts.</p>
<p>The validity of the method for confirming type 2 diabetes by supplementary questionnaire using the NDDG criteria has been previously documented in these cohorts (27,28). To document the reliability of reports of diabetes in the most recent cycle (1996–1998), an additional validation study was carried out only in the NHS. In this study, we reviewed medical records in two separate groups: women who satisfied NDDG criteria by the supplementary questionnaire and women who satisfied only ADA criteria (fasting plasma glucose between 126 and 139 mg/dl). Medical record review confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes by NDDG criteria in 94 of 95 (98.9%) subjects for the former group. The number of women reporting that they met ADA but not NDDG criteria was small (<5% of cases in this cycle); medical record review confirmed the diagnosis of diabetes by ADA criteria in all but one person, thus confirming its validity using the new criteria.</p>
<p><strong>Statistical analysis</strong></p>
<p>Person-time of follow-up for each participant was computed from the date of return of the baseline questionnaire (1980 for women and 1986 for men) to either the date of diabetes diagnosis, death, or the end of follow-up (January 1998 for HPFS or July 1998 for NHS), whichever occurred first.</p>
<p>In the primary analysis, participants were divided into quintiles of total magnesium intake (including magnesium from multivitamins), and incidence rates were calculated as the number of events divided by total person-time in each quintile. The relative risks (RRs) were computed as the incidence rates of diabetes in each category of magnesium intake divided by the incidence rate in the lowest quintile of intake (reference group).</p>
<p>To reduce within-person variation and best represent the long-term effects of magnesium intake, we calculated the cumulative average intake of magnesium from all the dietary questionnaires available up to the start of each 2-year period (29). For example, for men, to model diabetes incidence in the 1988–1990 period, we used the 1986 magnesium intake and for the 1990–1992 period, we used the average of 1986 and 1990 intakes. We also conducted a secondary analysis using baseline magnesium intake only.</p>
<p>Cox proportional hazards models stratified by age and time period were used in all multivariate analyses to estimate RRs. To control for multiple confounders, we adjusted for history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia at baseline and biennially updated information on smoking status, BMI (in eight categories), level of physical activity, family history of diabetes (first-degree relatives), and alcohol intake (four categories). We also adjusted for several dietary variables (30), including glycemic load and intakes of cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fat, trans fat, and processed meat, all in quintiles. Finally, we performed stratified analyses according to levels of BMI, physical activity, and family history of diabetes.</p>
<p>All P values were two sided. Tests for trend were conducted using the median value for each quintile of magnesium intake analyzed as a continuous variable in the regression models. Likelihood ratio χ2 was used to assess the significance of the interactions between magnesium intake and the variables used in the stratified models. All analyses were done with SAS version 8.2 (SAS, Cary, NC).</p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong></p>
<p>At baseline, compared with those in the lowest quintile of magnesium intake, both women (in 1980) and men (in 1986) with higher intakes of magnesium tended to be leaner, more physically active, and more likely to take multivitamins and magnesium supplements (Table 1). Magnesium intake was positively associated with intakes of fiber and inversely associated with intakes of fat and processed meat. Averaged over the entire follow-up, the median intake (min-max) of magnesium was 290 mg/day (79–1,110 mg/day) in women and 349 mg/day (102–1,593 mg/day) in men.</p>
<p>During a follow-up of 18 years in the NHS (1,456,362 person-years) and 12 years in men (472,730 person-years), we documented 4,085 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in women and 1,333 in men. After adjusting for age and total energy intake (Table 2), we observed a significant inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in both cohorts, with RRs (95% CIs) comparing the top versus bottom quintiles of 0.55 (0.50–0.61) and 0.56 (0.47–0.67) in women and men, respectively. After additional adjustment for BMI, the RRs were somewhat attenuated in both cohorts. However, the RRs were practically unchanged after further adjustment for other nondietary covariates. The RRs remained significant after the addition of dietary variables in the multivariate models. Further adjustment for caffeine slightly attenuated the association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk. The RRs (95% CIs) between extreme quintiles was 0.83 (0.73–0.95) in women and 0.76 (0.61–0.94) in men. Moreover, the adjustment for other minerals, such as calcium, potassium, and phosphorous, did not change the estimate of the association among women (RR comparing extreme quintiles 0.74 [0.63–0.88]), and the inverse association for magnesium was stronger among men (0.62 [0.48–0.81]). Analyses with the single baseline diet assessment instead of updated cumulative average of repeated measurements yielded similar results: 0.79 (0.71–0.88) in women and 0.73 (0.60–0.90) in men. Excluding participants with a history of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia at baseline, using only symptomatic or nonsymptomatic cases as an outcome, or modeling dietary rather than total magnesium intake did not materially change the results. Finally, the inclusion of diuretic use in the final model did not modify our results.</p>
<p>As shown in Table 3, the inverse association was persistent in subgroup analysis according to BMI, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. We did not identify any significant interactions between magnesium intake and these covariates. The inverse association was also similar between drinkers and nondrinkers and between participants with or without hypertension (data not shown).</p>
<p>Finally, we assessed the association between magnesium supplements and risk of type 2 diabetes. The proportion taking magnesium supplements in the entire follow-up period was 3.1% in women and 3.6% in men. There were relatively few cases in the supplement user group (111 in women and 52 in men). We found a significant inverse association in the age-adjusted model only in women (RR 0.82, 95% CI [0.68–0.99] in women and 1.01 [0.76–1.33] in men). However, in the multivariate models, we found no statistical association between use of magnesium supplements and diabetes risk in both women and men: 0.93 (0.77–1.12) and 1.07 (0.81–1.41), respectively. The use of multivitamins was not significantly associated with diabetes risk.<br />
Previous SectionNext Section<br />
CONCLUSIONS</p>
<p>In these two large prospective studies, we observed a consistent inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. This association was independent of other risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including several dietary factors. Moreover, the inverse association with magnesium intake was consistent across different subgroups defined by the main predictors of type 2 diabetes, such as BMI, physical activity, and family history of diabetes.</p>
<p>The prospective design reduces the possibility of recall and selection bias, and the high rate of follow-up reduces bias due to loss to follow-up. Another advantage is that diet was assessed multiple times during follow-up, which not only reduces measurement error (29), but also takes into account changes in eating behaviors.</p>
<p>Our study has several limitations. Given the size of these cohorts, screening for blood glucose was not feasible, thus some cases of diabetes may have been undiagnosed. However, our validation study showed that undiagnosed diabetes was rare in our cohort because the participants are health professionals (31). It is possible that participants with “unhealthy” diets are more likely to be screened for diabetes. However, the analysis using only symptomatic cases did not substantially change our results, arguing against surveillance bias. On the other hand, the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes were changed in 1997 such that lower plasma glucose levels would now be considered diagnostic. If these criteria were used since baseline, some noncases would have been reclassified as cases. However, this would bias the estimates toward the null.</p>
<p>The inverse association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk was observed in all multivariate models, including the main dietary and nondietary risk factors for diabetes. Moreover, the observed association was consistent within different subgroups, which further supports the idea that confounding by these factors was unlikely to explain our results. However, the effects of residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out in observational studies.</p>
<p>Besides earlier analyses within the NHS and HPFS (12–14), which were consistent with our present results, two other large prospective studies have specifically explored the association between magnesium intake and type 2 diabetes risk. Findings in older women (15) were very similar to our results, with an RR comparing extreme quintiles of 0.76 (95% CI 0.62–0.95) in a multivariate model, including whole grain and cereal fiber. In the other study, Kao et al. (16) found an inverse association between serum magnesium levels and type 2 diabetes, but did not find a significant association between dietary magnesium and subsequent incidence of diabetes. Unlike our study, both of the other studies used only single baseline dietary assessment.</p>
<p>Several experimental studies suggest a protective role of magnesium intake against diabetes. Using a rat model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, Balon et al. (32) demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of diabetes after 7 weeks of feeding with a magnesium-rich diet. In humans, some (11,33,34) but not all (35–37) experimental studies have shown benefits of magnesium supplements on glucose metabolism and/or insulin sensitivity. Some of the inconsistencies among these studies can be explained by differences in treatment periods, doses of magnesium, and parameters used to evaluate the effect. Moreover, most of these studies have been conducted on diabetic subjects, in whom the underlying insulin resistance could interfere with magnesium uptake at the cellular level (38). In one study (11), elderly nondiabetic subjects participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study comparing magnesium supplements (4.5 g/day) versus placebo during 4 weeks. This study showed a beneficial effect on insulin response to glucose and insulin action. Whether long-term magnesium supplementation decreases the risk for type 2 diabetes in the general population is unclear, and the hypothesis merits testing in clinical trials. In our observational analysis, magnesium supplement use was not significantly associated with diabetes risk in multivariate models. However, the power of our study was limited by the low prevalence of magnesium supplement use in these cohorts.</p>
<p>Several mechanisms, including insulin secretion, binding, and action, have been proposed to explain the effect of intracellular or plasma magnesium on diabetes pathogenesis (6). Intracellular magnesium is a critical cofactor for several enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, especially those involved in phosphorylation reactions such as tyrosine-kinase. In animal models (9), hypomagnesemia induced by low magnesium intake triggers severe insulin resistance, which was shown to be partially dependent on deficient tyrosine-kinase activity on the post-receptor pathway of insulin in muscle cells. In healthy humans, a study of short-term low magnesium diet (39) showed that it reduced serum and intracellular magnesium and produced insulin resistance, using a minimal model. Consistent with the effect of magnesium on insulin resistance, Fung et al. (40) found an inverse association between magnesium intake and fasting insulin level, a good marker of insulin resistance, in a cross-sectional sample of the NHS.</p>
<p>Higher magnesium intake is likely more beneficial among individuals with some degree of magnesium deficiency. However, there is no generally accepted test for magnesium status. Also, our subgroup analysis suggests that higher magnesium consumption is likely beneficial for all groups, regardless of their BMI, physical activity levels, and hypertension status.</p>
<p>In conclusion, these two large prospective cohorts provide strong and consistent evidence to support an inverse association between magnesium intake and diabetes risk. The effect of magnesium supplementation in general or high-risk populations requires further research, ideally in randomized clinical trials. This study supports the dietary recommendation to increase consumption of major food sources of magnesium, such as whole grains, nuts, and green leafy vegetables.</p>
<p><strong>Acknowledgments<br />
</strong><br />
This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants nos. CA55075, HL35464, CA87969, and DK58845 and by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases training grant no. DK07703. R.L.-R. is also supported by a scholarship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico. </p>
<p>   1. Ruy Lopez-Ridaura, MD1,<br />
   2. Walter C. Willett, MD123,<br />
   3. Eric B. Rimm, SCD123,<br />
   4. Simin Liu, MD34,<br />
   5. Meir J. Stampfer, MD123,<br />
   6. JoAnn E. Manson, MD234 and<br />
   7. Frank B. Hu, MD123</p>
<p>+ Author Affiliations</p>
<p>   1.<br />
      1Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts<br />
   2.<br />
      2Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts<br />
   3.<br />
      3Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts<br />
   4.<br />
      4Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</p>
<p>   1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ruy Lopez-Ridaura, MD, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: rlopez@hsph.harvard.edu</p>
<p>http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/27/1/134.full</p>
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		<title>Magnesium and Muscle Cramps</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2010/06/magnesium-and-muscle-cramps/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2010 12:03:46 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[

Leg cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of the calf muscles or muscles in the soles of the feet that occur during the night or while at rest. The cramps can affect people in any age group.

There may be various causes for this to happen. Scientific research has not identified a precise reason for muscle cramps. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
<br />
Leg cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of the calf muscles or muscles in the soles of the feet that occur during the night or while at rest. The cramps can affect people in any age group.</p>
<p>
There may be various causes for this to happen. Scientific research has not identified a precise reason for muscle cramps. However, it may be due to the nerves controlling the muscles rather than the muscles themselves.</p>
<p>
Leg cramps can be caused by over-exertion of the muscles, structural disorders ( such as flat feet),  prolonged sitting, standing on hard surface,  or dehydration. Less common causes include diabetes, hypoglycemia, anaemia, thyroid and endocrine dysfunction, Parkinson&#8217;s and certain medications.</p>
<p>
Low levels of certain minerals acting as electrolytes in the body &#8211; they include magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium &#8211; have long been linked to leg cramps. It especially affects long-distance runners and cyclists. Diuretics can also cause leg cramps. Pregnant women are also more susceptible to leg cramps.</p>
<p>
To prevent cramps from happening, consider a regular use of supplements, especially magnesium and potassium. Sodium levels have to be monitored too in people engaged in strenuous activities, or those who lose a lot of fluids in a short period of time (e.g. in cases of diarrhoea, vomiting). </p>
<p>
&#8220;Canadian doctors have found that magnesium supplements can alleviate muscle cramps. In severe cases, magnesium has been provided intravenously and this has led to relief of symptoms within 24 hours. Many cases of muscle cramps are caused by low concentrations of magnesium in the blood which can The reason why it helps is due to diuretic medications or strenuous exercise. When taken orally, it seems that magnesium glucoheptonate or magnesium gluconate work best&#8221;. Bilbey ,Douglas L, Prabhakaran V.M. Muscle cramps and magnesium deficiency: case reports. Canadian Family Physician. July http://www.internethealthlibrary.com/Health-problems/Muscle%20cramps%20-%20researchDiet&#038;Lifestyle.htm</p>
<p>
&#8220;Interrelationship of magnesium and estrogen in cardiovascular and bone disorders, eclampsia, migraine and premenstrual syndrome.</p>
<p>
The anticonvulsive and antihypertensive values of magnesium (Mg) in eclampsia, and its antiarrhythmic applications in a variety of cardiac diseases, have caused Mg to be considered only for parenteral administration by many physicians. In contrast, nutritionists have long recognized Mg as an essential nutrient, because severe deficiencies elicit neuromuscular manifestations similar to those justifying its use in eclampsia. More recently, this element has been used to favorably influence latent tetany with and without thrombotic complications, to delay preterm birth, to influence premenstrual syndrome, and to ameliorate migraine headaches. Most of these disorders exclusively or largely afflict women. The lesions of arteries and heart caused by experimental Mg deficiency have been well documented and may contribute to human cardiovascular disease. Estrogen&#8217;s enhancement of Mg utilization and uptake by soft tissues and bone may explain resistance of young women to heart disease and osteoporosis, as well as increased prevalence of these diseases when estrogen secretion ceases. However, estrogen-induced shifts of Mg can be deleterious when estrogen levels are high and Mg intake is sub-optimal. The resultant lowering of blood Mg can increase the Ca/Mg ratio, thus favoring coagulation. With Ca supplementation in the face of commonly low Mg intake, risk of thrombosis increases&#8221;.  Seelig-MS J-Am-Coll-Nutr. 1993 Aug; 12(4): 442-58</p>
<p>http://www.mdschoice.com/text/abstracts/Magnesium/magosteo.htm</p>
<p></p>
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		<title>What&#8217;s All the Buzz About Magnesium Oil?</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2010/06/whats-all-the-buzz-about-magnesium-oil/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2010 11:08:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Galina</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[ What&#8217;s All the Buzz About Magnesium Oil?
By Chris Jennings 
There&#8217;s been a fair amount of talk on the Internet recently about a new &#8220;miracle&#8221; product that cures many of today&#8217;s biggest health problems. The product, oddly enough, is termed &#8220;magnesium oil&#8221;. But you don&#8217;t drink it, or put it on food. You rub it [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> What&#8217;s All the Buzz About Magnesium Oil?<br />
By Chris Jennings </p>
<p>There&#8217;s been a fair amount of talk on the Internet recently about a new &#8220;miracle&#8221; product that cures many of today&#8217;s biggest health problems. The product, oddly enough, is termed &#8220;magnesium oil&#8221;. But you don&#8217;t drink it, or put it on food. You rub it onto your skin. Among others things, it&#8217;s supposed to prevent heart disease, lower your blood pressure and cure migraines.</p>
<p>So, what&#8217;s so good about magnesium oil? After all, aren&#8217;t there enough natural supplements and vitamins in the world already?</p>
<p>Well, being something of a natural health nut, I decided to take a closer look to see what it&#8217;s all about. Here&#8217;s what I found:</p>
<p>Studies show that 80% of all Americans are magnesium deficient. Wow, 80 percent.</p>
<p>It turns out that with all the talk of antioxidants, omega 3 and calcium, the media may have overlooked the real &#8220;missing link&#8221; in our diets. Evidently, the mineral magnesium is present in practically every cell in our bodies. Our cells depend on it for the most basic important functions. When we get low, bad things occur. Dr. Lawrence Resnick, MD, of Cornell University, a leading researcher on the mineral, stated: &#8220;Without enough magnesium, cells simply don&#8217;t work.&#8221;</p>
<p>It seems that quite a large body of research on magnesium has been performed over the years. And the results of the studies are so compelling that it makes you wonder why we haven&#8217;t heard about it earlier. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, migraines, diabetes, depression, fatigue, insomnia and many other conditions.</p>
<p>Many doctors and researchers are now going beyond saying that magnesium deficiency is &#8220;linked&#8221; to these illnesses and are saying that it is the actual &#8220;cause&#8221; of the disease, which is a big step upward.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a shocking quote by Dr. Mildred S Seelig, MD: &#8220;Most modern heart disease is caused by magnesium deficiency. A vast and convincing body of research, largely ignored, has convinced us and many colleagues of this fact.&#8221; Coming from a doctor of solid reputation, that&#8217;s a pretty strong statement.</p>
<p>Okay, so it&#8217;s clear that we need magnesium in our diets or bad things happen to us. No problem, we can just get it from food and water, right? Well, that presents a surprising dilemma.</p>
<p>In the year 1900, magnesium was plentiful in our food and water. But today, our drinking water is stripped of minerals by our filtration plants. Also, vegetables and meats are much lower in this vital mineral due to modern large-scale farming techniques, which have depleted the soils.</p>
<p>In fact, magnesium in our food and water is only half of what it used to be a hundred years ago. By the way, it turns out that heart disease was practically non-existent 100 years ago, when magnesium levels in food and water was higher. Back then, there were no doctors specializing in heart disease, because almost nobody had the malady.</p>
<p>Well surely there must be some foods we can still eat that are good sources of magnesium, right? The answer to this is yes, if you want to eat a mountain of pumpkins seeds and spinach EVERY DAY. But most people simply won&#8217;t do this.</p>
<p>By now I&#8217;m beginning to realize that I&#8217;ll have to get my daily magnesium through supplements, since getting it in food and water has become impractical.</p>
<p>And as I turn my attention to finding a good supplement, I get another surprise: All magnesium supplements taken by the mouth (orally) are only absorbed at about a 20% level, with the rest passing through us. Our intestines simply don&#8217;t absorb the magnesium: powders, tablets, drinks, any of them.</p>
<p>To make matters worse, if you try to compensate for this low absorption by taking larger doses of magnesium supplements, you get diarrhea. I tried doing this and it&#8217;s true, you get diarrhea.</p>
<p>This is when the sheer magnitude of the problem dawned on me: 80% of us are magnesium deficient; we can&#8217;t get enough from our food and water; the supplements we take don&#8217;t get absorbed; and to top it all off, almost nobody in the media is talking about the dangers of magnesium deficiency &#8211; heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc.</p>
<p>Because this is so important, I re-doubled my efforts. There just had to be a supplement out there that would work. That&#8217;s when I came across magnesium oil.</p>
<p>Magnesium oil seems to be different than all the other supplements out there, because it&#8217;s absorbed through the skin. You rub it onto your arms and legs like a lotion. They say it works using the same principle as the transdermal nicotine patches sold in the drug stores.</p>
<p>Although it&#8217;s termed &#8220;magnesium oil&#8221; it&#8217;s not really an oil after all. It&#8217;s a super-saturated solution of magnesium chloride in a water base. When you rub in onto the skin it feels a little slippery, but then it dries in seconds and no longer feels oily.</p>
<p>Evidently a doctor by the name of Norman Shealy MD, did a trial with patients using the magnesium oil and found that it was highly absorbable without any side effects such as diarrhea. They used a regimen of spraying the oil on the skin in conjunction with a daily footbath. The results showed that his patients raised their cellular magnesium levels to the top of the reference scale in a remarkable 6 weeks. Normally, with orally taken supplements, this can take 2 years or longer.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve personally been using the magnesium chloride oil myself for several months now and my observation is that it&#8217;s the real deal. Although I consider myself healthy, it has eliminated a few nagging problems I had: runner&#8217;s knee and migraines. These symptoms are gone now. I also feel like I never get tired anymore. I can work as hard as I want and still not feel run down.</p>
<p>So in conclusion, I guess all the &#8220;buzz&#8221; about magnesium oil is well founded. It appears to solve a huge problem. Magnesium deficiency is a serious health problem the world is facing right now and the sad part is that the media has yet to catch on.</p>
<p>For your reference, the magnesium oil I have been using is called &#8220;DermaMag&#8221; and is produced by a company named &#8220;Magnesium Direct.&#8221;</p>
<p>They also have a very helpful website with plenty of background material and information on published studies so you can see the data for yourself.</p>
<p>You can go to their website by clicking the link: Magnesium Oil or Magnesium Chloride</p>
<p>Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Chris_Jennings<br />
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		<title>Magnesium Linked To Aging Mystery &amp; Calcifications</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2010/03/magnesium-linked-to-aging-mystery-calcifications/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Mar 2010 21:22:45 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[The balance of magnesium and calcium is vital in prevention of ageing. Adenosine triphosphate, the "energy currency" of the cell, is magnesium dependent. This means it is obvious that the calcium pump at the cell membrane is also magnesium dependent.

Without enough "biologically available" magnesium, the cellular calcium pump slows down. Thus a vicious cycle is established. The low levels of available magnesium inhibit the generation of energy, and the low levels of energy inhibit the calcium pump. The end result? The mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cell and the entire body, becomes calcified. This is the beginning of aging. It all starts in the cell. First the cells age. This leads to organ aging. And after the organs age, individual aging occurs.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Magnesium Linked To Aging Mystery &amp;   Calcifications</h2>
<p>http://www.mgwater.com/agingcal.shtml</p>
<h3>By Dr. H. Ray Evers</h3>
<p>The average American consumes only 40 percent of the   recommended daily allowance of magnesium. This has serious   consequences, including death, in many people, according to   magnesium expert Dr. Mildred Seelig. Eighty to 90 percent of the   U.S. population is magnesium deficient.</p>
<p>Dr. John Prutting said in an issue of &#8220;Family Circle&#8221; that 70   percent of Americans had mismanaged their diets enough to have   some degree of magnesium deficiency.</p>
<p>Magnesium activates 76 percent of the enzymes in the body   according to Dr. Sonni Alvarez. Potassium is primarily concerned   with the way we use calcium and sodium.</p>
<p>Every doctor knows about the dangers of potassium deficiency,   but few recognize that almost half of the patients with a   potassium deficiency will also be depleted of magnesium In fact,   the low potassium state often cannot be easily corrected unless   magnesium is also given.</p>
<p>Most mineral deficiencies stimulate an appetite for the   deficient mineral, but there is no &#8220;specific appetite&#8221; for   magnesium Although intravenous magnesium is the drug of choice at   the onset of a heart attack, it is not mentioned in the section   on arrhythmias in the 1989 &#8220;Compendium of Drug Therapy.&#8221;</p>
<p>Magnesium is useful in preventing unwanted calcification in   the kidney, bladder and in the joints.</p>
<p>If a diet is high in phosphorus (common in many meat dishes as   lunchmeats, hot dogs, etc. and also in soda drinks), the   phosphate binds up the magnesium into magnesium phosphate, which   isn&#8217;t absorbed. Thus, you need more magnesium for complete   balance.</p>
<p>In disease and stress states, more magnesium is needed. If a   person is using diuretics (water pills), he should make sure his   magnesium intake is adequate. Potassium supplementation is   usually needed also. The higher the protein you consumer the more   magnesium is needed. When large amounts of calcium are consumed,   you need more magnesium.</p>
<p>Rabbits just can&#8217;t take a high-cholesterol diet. Their blood   fat level goes up, and they get severe   arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis. However, if you feed them five   times the recommended daily allowance of magnesium, their   cholesterol goes down and they don&#8217;t get arteriosclerosis.</p>
<p>Magnesium is a very important ingredient of the green coloring   matter in plants (chlorophyll). Magnesium helps in the use of fat   in the diet. In many cases of individuals suffering from   irritability, the blood has shown low values for magnesium.</p>
<p>Normal development apparently depends on the presence of   magnesium. Approximately 70 percent of the magnesium in the body   is found in the skeletal system. At least half of the magnesium   in the body is combined with calcium and phosphorus in the bones.   The remainder is in the muscles, red blood cells and the other   tissues of the body.</p>
<p>Magnesium ensures the strength and firmness of the bones, and   it makes the teeth harder. Adequate intake of magnesium   counteracts acidity, poor circulation and glandular disorders.   Children with magnesium deficiency are very often mentally   backward.</p>
<h3>Influences On Absorption</h3>
<p>The absorption of magnesium from the intestines may be   influenced by (1) the parathyroid hormone, (2) the condition of   the intestines, (3) the rate of water absorption, and (4) the   amounts of calcium, phosphate and lactose (milk sugar) in the   body.</p>
<p>Recent studies have shown that magnesium deficiency is found   in 25 percent of eating disorders, such as obesity and anorexia   nervosa. Symptoms such as weakness, leg cramps, anxiety and   confusion will often clear up with magnesium therapy. A magnesium   deficiency in humans can occur in patients with diabetes, chronic   diarrhea or vomiting.</p>
<p>Heart palpitations, &#8220;flutters&#8221; or racing heart, otherwise   called arrhythmias, usually clear up quite dramatically on 500   milligrams of magnesium citrate (or aspartate) once or twice   daily or faster if given intravenously.</p>
<p>The optimal daily requirement for children of 20 kilograms of   body weight is 0.25 grams (a kilo is 1,000 grams, equal to 2.2046   lbs). A child of 20 kilos would weigh 44.09 lbs, and for an adult   of 70 kilos the requirement is 0.35 grams. The recommended daily   allowance is approximately 200 to 300 mg for men and 300 mg for   women, although specific requirements depend upon body size.</p>
<h3>High-Calcium Dangers</h3>
<p>A diet which is high in calcium increases the body&#8217;s need for   magnesium and also may increase the excretion of phosphorus and   calcium; however, dietary intake of magnesium remains relatively   low. The chemical reaction of magnesium is alkaline (acid   binding). It regulates the acid-alkaline balance of the body.</p>
<p>Magnesium is one of the nutrients needed to lose weight.   Undulant fever is said to clear up if above-adequate amounts of   magnesium and manganese are given.</p>
<p>Without sufficient magnesium, one cannot control the adrenals,   and this lack of control can result in diabetes,   hyperexcitability, nervousness, mental confusion and difficulty   coping with simple day-to-day problems. Depressed and suicidal   people often display inadequate levels of magnesium.</p>
<p>Magnesium helps induce passage of nutrients in and out of   cells and thus affects the life process. It also controls   metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, resulting in   more normal nutritional levels. Japanese investigators have   discovered that magnesium will relieve asthmatic attacks. They   give it intravenously for acute asthma and orally for   prevention.</p>
<h3>Human Cell&#8217;s Power Plant</h3>
<p>The power plant of human cell is called the &#8220;mitochondrion.&#8221;   The mitochondrion is what generates energy for the cell to use.   What everyone refers to as &#8220;energy&#8221; is derived from the oxidative   reduction of the cellular respiration. This is done through the   mitochondria.</p>
<p>But the problem arises when the cell is low in magnesium,   relative to calcium. Adenosine triphosphate, the &#8220;energy   currency&#8221; of the cell, is magnesium dependent. This means it is   obvious that the calcium pump at the cell membrane is also   magnesium dependent.</p>
<p>Without enough &#8220;biologically available&#8221; magnesium, the   cellular calcium pump slows down. Thus a vicious cycle is   established. The low levels of available magnesium inhibit the   generation of energy, and the low levels of energy inhibit the   calcium pump.</p>
<p>The end result? The mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cell   and the entire body, becomes calcified. This is the beginning of   aging. It all starts in the cell. First the cells age. This leads   to organ aging. And after the organs age, individual aging   occurs. Since calcium is readily accumulated by mitochondria,   this ion is potentially capable of antagonizing the activating   influence of magnesium on many intramitochondrial enzyme   reactions.</p>
<p>This means that every function of your body can be inhibited   when the mitochondria calcify. It&#8217;s like going through life with   the emergency brakes on. Calcium is the brake. Magnesium is the   accelerator. To be in optimal health, there must be a balance   between the two.</p>
<h3>Balance Is Key</h3>
<p>Both minerals are vitally important, but there must be that   critical balance.</p>
<p>Andre Voisin in his book &#8220;Soil, Grass and Cancer&#8221; wrote:   &#8220;Calcium content cannot be considered separately without taking   the other mineral elements into account. It is the equilibria,   and not the individual elements, that govern the phenomena of   life.&#8221; That&#8217;s the magic word &#8211; &#8220;equilibria.&#8221;</p>
<p>Everyone today is concerned with their chronological age. But   they should be equally concerned with their &#8220;biological&#8221; age. The   ratio of calcium to magnesium within your cells is your   &#8220;biochemical age.&#8221;</p>
<p>Tragically, in many cases, children are now starting to show   high cellular calcium levels. For many people, eating a diet high   in calcium and low in magnesium amounts to &#8220;cellular   suicide.&#8221;</p>
<p>Calcification can cause a thousand illnesses. As the body   grows, the calcium migrates from the hard tissues (bones) to the   soft tissues in your body. Few understand the full scope of this   program. It is the most prevalent clinical finding in industrial   cultures.</p>
<p>Where the calcium buildup occurs depends upon your individual   biochemistry. Calcium deposits in the joints are called   arthritis; in the blood vessels it is hardening of the arteries;   in the heart it is heart disease, and in the brain it is   senility.</p>
<p>The calcification process develops slowly. It occurs gradually   over 10, 20, 30 years or more. It can begin in childhood. There   is almost no soft tissue in your body that is immune from   calcification, including your various glands.</p>
<p>All of this fits so well with my basic belief in medicine,   which rests upon the word &#8220;balance&#8221; &#8211; mental, spiritual and   physical balance. If we have perfect peace of mind and soul and   eat a nutritional poison-free diet, we will have no disease,   because, after all, each of us in a scientific sense, is a   chemical factory.</p>
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		<title>Magnesium and Diabetes</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2008/12/magnesium-and-diabetes/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Dec 2008 15:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Over the past several years we have seen an increase in obesity in children. Along with this weight issue we have also seen an increase in the number of cases of juvenile, or type 2 diabetes. Studies have tied this insulin related dilemma with a deficiency of the electrolyte magnesium.
Studies show that there is a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Over the past several years we have seen an increase in obesity in children. Along with this weight issue we have also seen an increase in the number of cases of juvenile, or type 2 diabetes. Studies have tied this insulin related dilemma with a deficiency of the electrolyte magnesium.</p>
<p>Studies show that there is a correlation between a low magnesium level and insulin resistance. Diabetes, or insulin resistance occurs when the cells cannot or will not absorb insulin, a protein produced in the pancreas, in the conversion of glucose into energy.</p>
<p><a title="Magnesium and Diabetes" href="http://devilips-wideopen.blogspot.com/2008/12/magnesium-and-diabetes-is-there.html" target="_blank">read more</a></p>
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		<title>Magnesium: The Lamp of Life, by Mark Sircus Ac., OMD</title>
		<link>http://www.magnesiumoil.org.uk/2008/11/magnesium-the-lamp-of-life-by-mark-sircus-ac-omd/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 10:58:59 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Inside chlorophyll is the lamp of life and that lamp is magnesium. The capture of light energy from the sun is magnesium dependent. Magnesium is bound as the central atom of the porphyrin ring of the green plant pigment chlorophyll. Magnesium is the element that causes plants to be able to convert light into energy [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Inside chlorophyll is the lamp of life and that lamp is magnesium. The capture of light energy from the sun is magnesium dependent. Magnesium is bound as the central atom of the porphyrin ring of the green plant pigment chlorophyll. Magnesium is the element that causes plants to be able to convert light into energy and chlorophyll is identical to hemoglobin except the magnesium atom at the center has been taken out and iron put in. The whole basis of life and the food chain is seen in the sunlight-chlorophyll-magnesium chain. Since animals and humans obtain their food supply by eating plants, magnesium can be said to be the source of life for it is at the heart of chlorophyll and the process of photosynthesis.</p>
<p>A huge step forward for early life was the development of chlorophyll, a molecule that captures light energy from the sun in a process called photosynthesis. Chlorophyll systems convert energy from visible light into small energy-rich molecules easy for cells to use. The harnessing of the energy of visible light led to a vast expansion of early life-forms. Fossilized layers, three and half billion years old, have been found with evidence of blue-green algae that lived on top of tidal rocks.</p>
<p>Magnesium is needed by plants to form chlorophyll which is the substance that makes plants green. Without magnesium sitting inside the heart of chlorophyll, plants would not be able to take nutrition from the sun because the process of photosynthesis would not go on. When magnesium is deficient things begin to die. In reality one cannot take a breath, move a muscle, or think a thought without enough magnesium in our cells. Because magnesium is contained in chlorophyll it is considered an essential plant mineral salt.</p>
<p>Without chlorophyll, plants are unable<br />
to convert sunlight and carbon dioxide.<br />
There is no life without magnesium.</p>
<p>Magnesium is a necessary element for all living organisms both animal and plant. Chlorophyll is structured around a magnesium atom, while in animals, magnesium is a key component of cells, bones, tissues and just about every physiological process you can think of. Magnesium is primarily an intracellular cation; roughly 1% of whole-body magnesium is found extracellularly, and the free intracellular fraction is the portion regulating enzyme pathways inside the cells. Life packs the magnesium jealously into the cells, every drop of it is precious.</p>
<p>Insulin and Magnesium</p>
<p>Magnesium is necessary for both the action<br />
of insulin and the manufacture of insulin.</p>
<p>Magnesium is a basic building block to life and is present in ionic form throughout the full landscape of human physiology. Without insulin though, magnesium doesn&#8217;t get transported from our blood into our cells where it is most needed. When Dr. Jerry Nadler of the Gonda Diabetes Center at the City of Hope Medical Center in Duarte, California, and his colleagues placed 16 healthy people on magnesium-deficient diets, their insulin became less effective at getting sugar from their blood into their cells, where it&#8217;s burned or stored as fuel. In other words, they became less insulin sensitive or what is called insulin resistant. And that&#8217;s the first step on the road to both diabetes and heart disease.</p>
<p>Insulin is a common denominator, a central figure in life as is magnesium. The task of insulin is to store excess nutritional resources.<br />
This system is an evolutionary development used to save energy and other nutritional necessities in times (or hours) of abundance in order to survive in times of hunger. Little do we appreciate that insulin is not just responsible for regulating sugar entry into the cells but also magnesium, one of the most important substances for life. It is interesting to note here that the kidneys are working at the opposite end physiologically dumping from the blood excess nutrients that the body does not need or cannot process in the moment.</p>
<p>Controlling the level of blood sugars is only one of the many functions of insulin. Insulin plays a central role in storing magnesium but if our cells become resistant to insulin, or if we do not produce enough insulin, then we have a difficult time storing magnesium in the cells where it belongs. When insulin processing becomes problematic magnesium gets excreted through our urine instead and this is the basis of what is called magnesium wasting disease.</p>
<p>There is a strong relationship between magnesium and insulin action. Magnesium is important for the effectiveness of insulin. A reduction<br />
of magnesium in the cells strengthens insulin resistance.</p>
<p>Low serum and intracellular magnesium concentrations are associated with insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and decreased insulin secretion. Magnesium improves insulin sensitivity thus lowering insulin resistance. Magnesium and insulin need each other. Without magnesium, our pancreas won&#8217;t secrete enough insulin&#8211;or the insulin it secretes won&#8217;t be efficient enough&#8211;to control our blood sugar.</p>
<p>Magnesium in our cells helps the muscles to relax but if we canâ€™t store magnesium because the cells are resistant then we lose magnesium which makes the blood vessels constrict, affects our energy levels, and causes an increase in blood pressure. We begin to understand the intimate connection between diabetes and heart disease when we look at the closed loop between declining magnesium levels and declining insulin efficiency.</p>
<p>Though it would be a long stretch of the longest giraffeâ€™s neck to compare insulin with chlorophyll we are walking a trail at the very nuclear core of life. Itâ€™s the magnesium trail and we find to our surprise that it takes us into intimate contact with the very structure and foundation of life. The dedication of this chapter is to the beauty of magnesium, to its meaning in life, in health and in medicine.</p>
<p>We were talking about chlorophyll and now insulin and putting magnesium in-between. Walking further along is the DHEA magnesium story and the DNA magnesium story. And then there is the cholesterol magnesium story. Every part of life is in love with magnesium except allopathic medicine which just cannot accept it in all its light, flame and beauty. Thousands of years ago the Chinese named it the beautiful metal and they were seeing something pharmaceutical medicine does not want to see for there is little money to be made from something so common.</p>
<p>Magnesium and DNA</p>
<p>Magnesium ions play critical roles in many aspects of cellular metabolism. Magnesium stabilizes structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and cell membranes by binding to the macromoleculeâ€™s surface and promote specific structural or catalytic activities of proteins, enzymes, or ribozymes. Magnesium has a critical role in cell division. It has been suggested that magnesium is necessary for the maintenance of an adequate supply of nucleotides for the synthesis of RNA and DNA.</p>
<p>Magnesium plays a critical role in vital DNA repair proteins.<br />
Magnesium ions synergetic effects on the active site<br />
geometry may affect the polymerase closing/opening trends.<br />
Single-stranded RNA are stabilized by magnesium ions.</p>
<p>Distinct structural features of DNA, such as the curvature of dA tracts, are important in the recognition, packaging, and regulation of DNA are magnesium dependent. Physiologically relevant concentrations of magnesium have been found to enhance the curvature of dA tract DNAs. The chemistry of water activated by a magnesium ion is central to the function of the DNA repair proteins, apurinic/apyrimidic endonuclease 1 (Ape1) and polymerase A (Pol A). These proteins are key constituents of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, a process that plays a critical role in preventing the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of most spontaneous, alkylation, and oxidative DNA damage.</p>
<p>Magnesium ions help guide polymerase selection for the<br />
correct nucleotide extends descriptions of polymerase pathways.</p>
<p>Dr. Paul Ellis informs us that, â€œMagnesium ions are central to the function of the DNA repair proteins, apurinic/apyrimidic endonuclease 1 (Ape1) and polymerase A (Pol A). These proteins are key constituents of the base excision repair (BER) pathway, a process that plays a critical role in preventing the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of most spontaneous, alkylation, and oxidative DNA damage.â€ DNA polymerase is considered to be a holoenzyme since it requires a magnesium ion as a co-factor to function properly. DNA-Polymerase initiates DNA replication by binding to a piece of single-stranded DNA. This process corrects mistakes in newly-synthesized DNA.</p>
<p>DHEA â€“ Magnesium &#8211; Cholesterol</p>
<p>Low levels of DHEA are associated with loss of â€œpathology<br />
preventingâ€ signaling between immune system cells.</p>
<p>Dr. James Michael Howard says, â€œCancer and infections are both increasing and one of the basic reasons is reduced availability of DHEA, which stems from magnesium deficiency.â€ Also known as &#8220;mother of all steroid hormones&#8221; DHEA is converted in the body into several different hormones, including estrogen and testosterone. DHEA appears to restore immune balance and stimulate monocyte production (the cells that attack tumors), B-cell activity (the cells that fight disease-causing organisms), T-cell mobilization (infection fighting T-cells have DHEA binding sites), and protection of the thymus gland (which produces T-cells). The data suggest that DHEA has a role in the neuro-endocrine regulation of the antibacterial immune resistance.</p>
<p>All steroid hormones are created from cholesterol in a hormonal cascade. Cholesterol, that most maligned compound, is actually crucial for health and is the mother of hormones from the adrenal cortex, including cortisone, hydrocortisone, aldosterone, and DHEA. Cholesterol cannot be synthesized without magnesium and cholesterol is a vital component of many hormones. These hormones are interrelated, each performing a unique biological function with them all depending on magnesium for their function. Aldosterone interestingly needs magnesium to be produced and it also regulates magnesium&#8217;s balance.</p>
<p>Dr. Mildred S. Seelig wrote, â€œMg2+-ATP is the controlling factor for the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis sequence that is targeted by the statin pharmaceutical drugs, comparison of the effects of Mg2+ on lipoproteins with those of the statin drugs is warranted. Formation of cholesterol in blood, as well as of cholesterol required in hormone synthesis, and membrane maintenance, is achieved in a series of enzymatic reactions that convert HMG-CoA to cholesterol. The rate-limiting reaction of this pathway is the enzymatic conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate via HMG CoA. The statins and Mg inhibit that enzyme. Mg has effects that parallel those of statins. For example, the enzyme that deactivates HMG-CoA Reductase requires Mg, making Mg a Reductase controller rather than inhibitor. Mg is also necessary for the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), which lowers LDL-C and triglyceride levels and raises HDL-C levels.â€</p>
<p>Desaturase is another Mg-dependent enzyme involved in<br />
lipid metabolism which statins do not directly affect.</p>
<p>DHEA is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland and ovaries and converted to testosterone and estrogen. After being secreted by the adrenal glands, it circulates in the bloodstream as DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) and is converted as needed into other hormones. Magnesium chloride, when applied transdermally, is reported by Dr. Norman Shealy to increase DHEA. Dr. Shealy has determined that when the body is presented with adequate levels of magnesium at the cellular level, the body will begin to naturally produce DHEA and also DHEA-S.<br />
Transdermal is the ultimate way to replenish cellular magnesium<br />
levels. Every cell in the body bathes and feeds in it and even DHEA<br />
levels are increased naturally, according to Dr. Norman Shealy<br />
This effect is not seen in oral or intravenous magnesium administration and Dr. Shealy has a patent pending in this area. It is thought that transdermal application interacts in some way with the fatty tissues of the skin to create the affect. Studies link low levels of DHEA to chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, depression, rheumatoid arthritis, Type-II diabetic complications, greater risk for certain cancers, heart disease and osteoporosis.</p>
<p>Magnesium and Glutathione</p>
<p>Without sufficient magnesium, the body accumulates toxins<br />
and acid residues, degenerates rapidly, and ages prematurely.</p>
<p>According to Dr. Russell Blaylock, low magnesium is associated with dramatic increases in free radical generation as well as glutathione depletion and this is vital since glutathione is one of the few antioxidant molecules known to neutralize mercury. Glutathione requires magnesium for its synthesis. Glutathione synthetase requires Î³-glutamyl cysteine, glycine, ATP, and magnesium ions to form glutathione.</p>
<p>In magnesium deficiency, the enzyme y-glutamyl transpeptidase is lowered. Data demonstrates a direct action of glutathione both in vivo and in vitro to enhance intracellular magnesium and a clinical linkage between cellular magnesium, GSH/GSSG ratios, and tissue glucose metabolism. Magnesium deficiency causes glutathione loss, which is not affordable because glutathione helps to defend the body against damage from cigarette smoking, exposure to radiation, cancer chemotherapy, and toxins such as alcohol and just about everything else.</p>
<p>Scientific Miracles in Medicine</p>
<p>The 21st century is seeing the plagues of diabetes, heart disease, cancer and neurological diseases explode with the entire western medical establishment confused about even the most basic health issues. The three trillion dollar medical machine in the United States is impotent against chronic diseases and is responsible itself for much of the horror that is happening.</p>
<p>Medical basics, we have to get back to them returning to the understanding of the simplest things like water. What do you give a person coming out of a week long walk in the desert without water? A coke? Do we have to do a thousand double blind studies to realize there is only one answer? Are we that dumb that medicine cannot see the forest from the trees?</p>
<p>When someone is in cardiac arrest or are having a stroke, having panic attacks with heart palpitations what is the first thing, the very first thing we would reach for like one would reach for a six shooter? Our biological engine is seizing up what do we do? For the next million years there is going to be only one answer and that answer is magnesium preferably in the chloride form. It will never change either for that person coming out of the desert; water will always be the answer to the need. We are talking so close to the source of life when talking about water or magnesium. But unfortunately there will always be those who think giving a coke to a very thirsty person is just fine and doctors who think they can forget about nature and try to substitute something to stand in magnesiumâ€™s place.</p>
<p>The bedrock of medical truth sits upon the metal magnesium for it is at the exact center of biological life like air and water is. All of life collapses around its loss, but with only the smallest amount of caring and intelligence we can replete what has been lost inside of a personâ€™s cells. The realization that magnesium is at the center of life in chlorophyll should help us place magnesium in the temple it deserves. It is the ultimate love drug when used as a medicine. Itâ€™s the first thing you give a person if you want to give something necessary and helpful.</p>
<p>It will take this entire book to present all the reasons that magnesium qualifies as a love drug; there are reasons that take us out of the physical body and into emotional, mental and spiritual bodies. Psychologists and psychiatrists also have to discover magnesium for it offers them a tool they have not found anywhere else. Magnesium is the Lamp of Life; it operates at the core of physiology offering us what can only be called scientific miracles in medicine. Though other substances like Vitamin C or even iodine are powerful competitors they cannot compare in sheer healing horsepower to magnesium.</p>
<p>.</p>
<p>Magnesium Medicine</p>
<p>It is no exaggeration for me to say that magnesium saved my life.<br />
But is ironic that I am the one saying it, because during my<br />
diverse medical career in general medicine, my greatest expertise<br />
has always been prescription drugs, not natural supplements.<br />
Dr. Jay S. Cohen</p>
<p>The Magnesium Solution for High Blood Pressure</p>
<p>Magnesium serves hundreds of important functions in the body and for that reason it has virtually no side effects. Researchers all over the world have confirmed its vital role yet, despite the intensive scientific brainpower that has been directed toward magnesium most doctors know hardly anything about it and never consider magnesium for treating patients. Magnesium comes to us with scientific evidence that dwarfs the evidence presented by pharmaceutical companies for any of their prescription drugs but its use is still contained. (See chapter on why doctors do not use more magnesium)</p>
<p>Magnesium chloride treatments address systemic nutritional deficiencies, act to improve the function of our cells and immune system, and help protect cells from oxidative damage. Its a systemic medicine as well as a local one bringing new life and energy to the cells wherever it is applied topically. When used with oral administration, transdermal magnesium therapy offers us the opportunity to get dosages up to the powerful therapeutic range without compromising intestinal comfort through oral use alone.</p>
<p>What we have found is that magnesium chloride, applied<br />
transdermally, is the ideal magnesium delivery system -<br />
with health benefits unequalled in the entire world of medicine.</p>
<p>Magnesium chloride solutions offer a medical miracle to humanity, one that many have sought but have not found. In fact Dr. Carolyn Dean, titled her book The Magnesium Miracle and she could not have been more correct. Nothing short of a miracle is to be expected with increases in the cellular levels of magnesium if those levels have been depleted.</p>
<p>There is no wonder drug that can claim, in the clear, what magnesium chloride can do. Most people will show dramatic improvements in the state of their health when they replete their magnesium levels and the very best way to do that is with magnesium chloride applied transdermally (baths and body spraying), orally, vaporized into the lungs, diluted for use with ones eyes, intravenously, and even in douches and enemas.</p>
<p>Constant magnesium massages are what kings and queens should be dreaming of.<br />
With such â€œbrine solutionsâ€ the concentrate can simply be applied to the skin or poured into bath water, and in an instant we have a medical treatment without equal in the world of medicine. Intensive transdermal and oral magnesium therapy can be safely applied every day for constantly strengthened health.</p>
<p>Hidden in each cubic mile of ocean water is enough healing<br />
power to put the pharmaceutical companies out of business.</p>
<p>And there are medical reasons why we love the beach and ocean. Intensive magnesium baths, aerosolized iodine, vitamin D natural style and grounding to the earth through the sand. Medical science and the pharmaceutical companies will eventually have to deal with the fact that the most powerful and universal medicine on earth is a basic nutrient from the sea and can be purchased by anyone at low cost.</p>
<p>Magnesium is nothing short of a miracle to a person deficient in this mineral. So clear and observable are the effects that there is no mistake, no mysticism, no false claim made.<br />
Emergency room personnel know of this and use either magnesium sulfate or chloride to save peoples lives during heart attacks or to diminish the damage from strokes. And new research suggests that MgSO4 infusions may have a role in cerebral vasospasm prophylaxis if therapy is initiated within 48 hours of aneurysm rupture.</p>
<p>Medicine today is more and more frequently described in terms of science. With the origin and development of drugs and surgical techniques, modern medicine has thought itself to be evermore exact and evermore resembling the hard sciences of chemistry and physics. In the case of magnesium, medicine has fallen from the grace of the pure sciences, which insists that they are ignoring the best medicine available anywhere. Magnesium is clearly evidence-based medicine but the quality of the evidence used pharmaceutical medicine is highly suspect. There is no such cloud of doubt hanging over the scientific evidence that makes it clear why magnesium would be both potent and safe.</p>
<p>When it comes to cardiac disease we create our primary protocol around magnesium, selenium and iodine. These three core minerals, when backed up with a strong naturopathic protocol, which includes natural mercury detoxification of the heart tissues, will transform cardiology into a field of medicine that does not have its patients dying like flies.</p>
<p></br><br />
<strong>More articles about magnesium<strong><br />
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